The Nordic welfare model is vulnerable to large inflows of persons with low qualifications. The public cost of low skilled immigration will be higher in Scandinavia than in countries with less ambitious welfare models.
Governance of migration was pushed to the front line of national and supra-national politics in line with the increasing inflow – apparently out of control. Huge dilemmas confronted authorities in a complex situation with capacity worries, difficult questions of justice, regime competition and human tragedy.